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Attitudes towards homosexuality and their relations to personality characteristics
ROTTEROVÁ, Gabriela
The bachelor thesis deals with the exploration and description of attitudes towards homosexuality, focusing mainly on the degree of homonegativism and characteristics related to attitudes. The theoretical part describes the development of attitudes in our territory and abroad and discusses the most commonly used terms associated with this issue. The empirical part of this thesis takes the form of quantitative design. Using a questionnaire survey, it tries to describe the difference between the degree of homonegativity in the Czech Republic. There were 1.590 respondents aged 18 to 56 years as the research sample. The ATLG questionnaire was used to determine the degree of homonegativity, the BFI-2-S questionnaire focused on personality characteristics and supplementary questions related to LGBT+ issues were also used. When comparing the degree of homonegativity in male and female persons, a difference has been demonstrated. The next tested hypotheses regarding sociodemographic data have not been confirmed. However, differences across groups of people who are friends with an LGBT+ individual (s) and also among people who had a negative social experience with someone from a given minority group have been confirmed. The correlation between the degree of homonegativity and its two dimensions - extraversion and conscientiousness has been confirmed from the BFI-2-S questionnaire. The results, as well as the limits of the study and the possibility of further research, are discussed in the thesis.
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Personality Traits of Students and Assistant Jobs
Konůpková, Olga ; Žáčková, Hana (advisor) ; Čedík, Miloslav (referee)
Diploma thesis ,,Personality Traits of Students and Assistant Jobs" The thesis deals with personality characteristics of students and professionals doing a job of a social service worker. The purpose was to find out whether professionals and students doing such job have necessary personality preconditions for their profession. The theoretical part describes personality preconditions required for this profession and, at the same time, warns of features that are unsuitable for it. It also includes information about pitfalls associated with this profession and methods of prevention and intervention that may help social service workers to cope with these pitfalls. Within the framework of the survey, answers to the asked questions demonstrated that students and professionals in this field don't have good preconditions for doing the job. Some of them seem to have been affected by a "syndrome of a helper" when choosing this profession. The conclusion of the thesis emphasises the importance of education, preventive programmes, self-experience training and supervision as prevention of pitfalls.
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Do Information Cascades Arise Easier under Time Pressure? Experimantal Approach.
Cingl, Lubomír ; Bauer, Michal (advisor) ; Pertold, Filip (referee)
Information cascades as a form of rational herding help to explain real-life phenomena such as fads, fashion, creation of 'bubbles' in financial markets or conformity in general. In this paper I attempt to model propensity to herd and infer its relationship to time-pressure by conducting a laboratory experiment. I let subjects perform a simple cognitive task under different treatment conditions and levels of time pressure with the possibility to herd. The order of decision-making is endogenous and the task is not probabilistic. Rather, I impose uncertainty of private signal by different levels of time pressure. This is expected to make participants prone to imitate the behavior of others. Apart from that I examine the effect of reputation (also called endorsement effect) as an addition to the public pool of information, which is expected to increase the probability to herd. The main findings are that propensity to herd was not significantly influenced by different levels of time pressure. Information cascades arose, but never in a perfect form. Personality traits measured by the Big Five protocol contribute considerably to the explanation of the model, but their relationship is not straightforward. Heart-rate increased during performance of a task, but was not correlated to subjectively stated...
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Coherence between personal characteristics and practicing sports activities
Frainšicová, Kateřina ; Bahbouh, Radvan (advisor) ; Niederlová, Markéta (referee)
The thesis deals with personality research in sport. The general aim of thesis was to prove coherence between personal trait and particular sport activity. Being specific we have tried to discover, whether the choice of sport activity has coherence with personal trait. The aim group was consisted of students of Faculty of Physical Education and Sport at Charles University in Prague. Those students were specialists at swimming, football, gym and athletics. This group of student was compared with control group of students who are do not attend sports actively. Generally, 179 informants took participate in this correlation research. As a research method was used a personality test 4Elements Inventory and the Questionnaire of sport actitvites. The results proved a statistically important coherence between particular sport specialization and the elements Fire and Water. There was no proof of coherence between particular sport specialization and any of Elements. We found coherence in a frequence of sport activity and Fire element. The examined group differes from population in Fire and Earth element. The thesis also includes enumeration and conjuctions of those sport activities that our informants attend to. Keywords: Sport, Personality, Elements, 4Elements Inventory, University students, Athletes
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Influence of father and brother on mate choice of heterosexual women in personality traits
Zelenková, Klára ; Štěrbová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Šebesta, Pavel (referee)
Mate preferences and choices might be influenced by several factors, including close relatives. According to the imprinting-like effect, people prefer and choose partners similar to those with whom they grew up during childhood. The main aim of our research was to test, whether individuals choose their long-term partners on the basis of similarity (in personality traits) with their parent and/or siblings of the opposite sex (father and/or brother). The final sample of the study consisted of 211 heterosexual women (mean age = 27.34, SD = 5.36) who grew up with their father until at least 12 years of age. Respondents completed a set of questionnaires aimed at personality of their partner, brother, and father (NEO-FFI), the relationship quality with their father/brother during childhood (s-EMBU/QRI), and relationship satisfaction (RAS). Correlation and regression analyses have shown that heterosexual women choose partners similar to their fathers and brothers, especially in neuroticism. However, when compared correlation coefficients, it was found that fathers play a more important role. The retrospectively assessed quality of the relationship between the respondent and her father/brother during childhood did not have any effect on this similarity. Moreover, similarity between father/brother and...
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Personality Traits of Students and Assistant Jobs
Konůpková, Olga ; Žáčková, Hana (advisor) ; Čedík, Miloslav (referee)
Diploma thesis ,,Personality Traits of Students and Assistant Jobs" The thesis deals with personality characteristics of students and professionals doing a job of a social service worker. The purpose was to find out whether professionals and students doing such job have necessary personality preconditions for their profession. The theoretical part describes personality preconditions required for this profession and, at the same time, warns of features that are unsuitable for it. It also includes information about pitfalls associated with this profession and methods of prevention and intervention that may help social service workers to cope with these pitfalls. Within the framework of the survey, answers to the asked questions demonstrated that students and professionals in this field don't have good preconditions for doing the job. Some of them seem to have been affected by a "syndrome of a helper" when choosing this profession. The conclusion of the thesis emphasises the importance of education, preventive programmes, self-experience training and supervision as prevention of pitfalls.
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Co-morbidity of eating disorders and alcoholabuse among femal: risk and protective factors
Vycpálková, Veronika ; Čablová, Lenka (advisor) ; Reichelová, Lenka (referee)
Background: Co-morbidity of eating disorders and alcohol use among women is a topical theme. Eating disorders can be seen as a disease of modern women and alcohol use as very frequent and tolerated by society. Co-morbidity of these disorders is not given enough attention. Aim: The theoretical part defines basic terms of eating disorders, alcohol abuse and their co-morbidity. In the practical part my goal was to identify the risk and protective factors, personal characteristics that were common for women suffering with co-morbidity and to outline the subjective perception of respondents regarding this issue. Methods and sample: Data were obtained by the method of a semistructured interview with five respondents - clients of the aftercare group for alcohol addicts. Two methods were used for the purpose of data analysis: qualitative type of an approach and a pattern (gestalt) recognition method. Results: The thesis described risk factors on the individual, familial and social level. It also described personal characteristics of respondents that overlapped with the risk factors. They can therefore be taken as risk factors on the individual level. Protective factors are mainly positive influence of peers, hobbies and awareness of one's value. Respondents and their subjective view on this issue point out...
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Coherence between personal characteristics and practicing sports activities
Frainšicová, Kateřina ; Bahbouh, Radvan (advisor) ; Niederlová, Markéta (referee)
The thesis deals with personality research in sport. The general aim of thesis was to prove coherence between personal trait and particular sport activity. Being specific we have tried to discover, whether the choice of sport activity has coherence with personal trait. The aim group was consisted of students of Faculty of Physical Education and Sport at Charles University in Prague. Those students were specialists at swimming, football, gym and athletics. This group of student was compared with control group of students who are do not attend sports actively. Generally, 179 informants took participate in this correlation research. As a research method was used a personality test 4Elements Inventory and the Questionnaire of sport actitvites. The results proved a statistically important coherence between particular sport specialization and the elements Fire and Water. There was no proof of coherence between particular sport specialization and any of Elements. We found coherence in a frequence of sport activity and Fire element. The examined group differes from population in Fire and Earth element. The thesis also includes enumeration and conjuctions of those sport activities that our informants attend to. Keywords: Sport, Personality, Elements, 4Elements Inventory, University students, Athletes
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Distribution of intelligence and of the personality traits in FtM and MtF transsexuals
Novák, Marek ; Weiss, Petr (advisor) ; Kebza, Vladimír (referee)
The thesis deals with the differences between Female-to-Male (FtM) and Male-to-Female (MtF) transsexuals, focusing on their intelligence and personality traits. The aim of the study was to compare the results between male and female transsexuals in these two areas and to recognize if the distribution of given personality traits corresponds more to their biological sex or to the gender identity. In the theoretical part of the work, studies about males and females in the population are presented and put into a broader context of the studies concerning FtM and MtF transsexuals, while using all accessible literature. The research comprises of data comparison of 200 transsexuals (100 MtF and 100 FtM) using Raven's Progressive matrices and DOPEN questionnaire. The results were evaluated by the statistical analysis and were later compared to the norms for men and women in population. There were found no differences in intelligence in both groups of transsexuals. Both groups' intelligence (IQ 117) is slightly above-average. Using the Raven's Progressive matrices, higher variability of results was measured in the MtF group. Male-to-Female transsexuals reached significantly higher scores in neuroticism compared to Female-to-Male group. This scale was identified as significantly higher in both groups when...
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Do Information Cascades Arise Easier under Time Pressure? Experimantal Approach.
Cingl, Lubomír ; Bauer, Michal (advisor) ; Pertold, Filip (referee)
Information cascades as a form of rational herding help to explain real-life phenomena such as fads, fashion, creation of 'bubbles' in financial markets or conformity in general. In this paper I attempt to model propensity to herd and infer its relationship to time-pressure by conducting a laboratory experiment. I let subjects perform a simple cognitive task under different treatment conditions and levels of time pressure with the possibility to herd. The order of decision-making is endogenous and the task is not probabilistic. Rather, I impose uncertainty of private signal by different levels of time pressure. This is expected to make participants prone to imitate the behavior of others. Apart from that I examine the effect of reputation (also called endorsement effect) as an addition to the public pool of information, which is expected to increase the probability to herd. The main findings are that propensity to herd was not significantly influenced by different levels of time pressure. Information cascades arose, but never in a perfect form. Personality traits measured by the Big Five protocol contribute considerably to the explanation of the model, but their relationship is not straightforward. Heart-rate increased during performance of a task, but was not correlated to subjectively stated...
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